The election for the 38th Supreme Patriarch of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism, the head of the nation’s largest Buddhist denomination, is now in full swing. The race officially began after three candidates registered on August 11th, setting the stage for a three-way contest. The current Supreme Patriarch, Monk Jinwoo (candidate number 3), faces challenges from Monk Jeongnyeom (candidate number 2), the head of Woljeongsa Temple, and Monk Gyeongoo (candidate number 1), the head of Seonunsa Temple. This marks a departure from the previous election four years ago, which saw Monk Jinwoo elected unopposed, and is the first contested election for the position in quite some time.
The Contested Election for Supreme Patriarch
The election for Supreme Patriarch is indirect. A total of 321 electors will cast their votes. These electors include 81 members of the Central Council and 240 representatives selected from 24 major temples nationwide, with ten representatives chosen from each temple’s congregation.
All three candidates have demonstrated notable achievements in their respective positions, leading to expectations within the Jogye Order that any of them could effectively lead the denomination.
Candidate Profiles and Accomplishments
- Candidate 1: Monk Gyeongoo (Seonunsa Temple) Monk Gyeongoo has been credited with revitalizing Seonunsa Temple, the main temple of the 24th district of the Jogye Order in Gochang, Jeollabuk-do. Serving as the head of Seonunsa for three consecutive terms, he has transformed the temple grounds, making it a place of solace not only for visitors but also for local residents. The temple, already famous for its spring camellias, now attracts crowds even in autumn, seeking to witness its seasonal blooms. Furthermore, a well-known franchise coffee shop was established within the temple complex, turning it into a new local landmark.
- Candidate 2: Monk Jeongnyeom (Woljeongsa Temple) Monk Jeongnyeom took charge of Woljeongsa Temple in January 2004 and has served for six consecutive terms, completing 22 years in June 2022. Under his leadership, Woljeongsa Temple has undergone a significant transformation. His initiative, the ‘Short-Term Study Abroad Temple’ program, which saw 3,500 participants since its opening in 2004, is a testament to his innovative approach. He also beautified the ‘Seonjae-gil’ path, a 9km stretch from Woljeongsa to Sangwonsa Temple, and the forest path leading to Woljeongsa, establishing them as premier healing destinations in Korea. At the entrance of Woljeongsa, he created a large-scale meditation village called ‘Ombvi,’ offering meditation and rest opportunities to citizens.
- Candidate 3: Monk Jinwoo (Current Supreme Patriarch) Monk Jinwoo, the incumbent Supreme Patriarch, is widely recognized for his efforts in restoring the ‘Seonmyeongsa’ temple during his four-year term. Unlike previous Supreme Patriarchs who primarily focused on administrative affairs (the monastic side), Monk Jinwoo has strived to bridge the gap between monastic life and the general public. He has also shown genuine concern for social issues, notably visiting the site of the ‘Sindaeng Station murder incident’ in 2022 before politicians, offering comfort to those affected. He is committed to continuing and completing the work he has undertaken over the past four years.
The Growing Appeal of Buddhism
While each candidate has prepared diverse campaign strategies, a crucial task for the next Supreme Patriarch will be to maintain and further develop the current positive public perception of Buddhism. In recent times, Buddhism has become increasingly ‘hip’ among younger generations. Buddhist temples are seeing a surge in demand for ‘Buddha goods’ (Baejjeum), and programs like ‘Temple Stay’ and ‘I’m Alone’ (a matchmaking service for monks) are experiencing overwhelming interest. Temple stays, temple cuisine, and lantern lighting ceremonies are also drawing significant attention. This represents a notable shift from the past.
Younger generations, who are driving these changes, do not carry the negative historical baggage associated with Buddhism, such as the ‘Bulguksa Temple scandal’ of the past. However, despite the increased favorability, there is still no significant surge in the number of participants or new adherents. This suggests that while public perception has improved, deeper engagement remains a challenge.
The Path Forward for the Jogye Order
The election itself is generating considerable enthusiasm among both monastics and laypeople. The journalist’s phone has been inundated with messages from unknown numbers, including endorsements and expressions of concern. As this election determines the leader responsible for the Jogye Order’s administration for the next four years, rigorous vetting of candidates is essential. However, it is equally important to avoid excessive fervor.
The positive atmosphere surrounding Buddhism, which has been carefully cultivated, should not be dampened. A monk recently remarked, “They call it ‘hip Buddhism,’ and say young people are flocking to it, but it could all collapse in an instant.” This is a cautionary note that the candidates emerging from this election should heed.
The upcoming Supreme Patriarch faces the significant challenge of nurturing this renewed interest in Buddhism and ensuring its continued relevance and growth in contemporary society. The focus must be on building upon the current positive momentum without alienating potential followers or succumbing to internal conflicts. The success of the Jogye Order in the coming years will depend on its ability to adapt, engage, and inspire a new generation while upholding its rich traditions.
