A unique wildflower known as the Byeonsan wind flower has emerged later than usual this spring in South Korea’s Byeonsanbando National Park, captivating hikers and botanists alike. This rare alpine species, first documented over three decades ago, showcases vibrant yellow stamens amid white petals, signaling the arrival of the new season.
Discovery in the Mountains
Professor Seon Byeong-yun, a renowned 73-year-old botanist and former national distinguished professor, spotted the flower during a visit to Sabom in Byeonsan on March 9, 1993. Accompanied by Daegu university students, the group ventured into the mountains after learning the site owner’s father had been imprisoned nearby. At a former explosion site roughly 100 meters from a geothermal power plant, they encountered a striking plant: a white flower with unexpectedly yellow stamens.
“In these mountains, there’s only one flower where the stamens appear white at first glance but reveal vivid yellow upon closer inspection,” Professor Seon stated.
Unique Characteristics and Habitat
Students identified it as a “your wind flower,” prompting the professor to capture specimens alongside similar buttercup-like plants, measuring 10-20 cm in clusters. Unlike typical species, its stamens narrow to just two in young blooms, and it emits a pleasant fragrance. The flower thrives in rocky, high-altitude areas with northern exposure, blooming later than relatives due to prolonged cold snaps.
Delayed by late frosts in February and March, it flowered around April this year, compared to its usual early April peak. Professor Seon compared it to Eranthis sibiricus, noting distinct pan-shaped blooms and non-bitter traits, differing from Asian and European counterparts.
Scientific Significance
Named after its Byeonsan origins, the flower holds national treasure status in Korea. Professor Seon presented findings at a 1993 academic conference, emphasizing rigorous verification over casual sightings. “Just saying ‘I’ve seen it’ isn’t enough; comparative morphology, chromosome analysis, and DNA testing ensure accurate identification,” he explained.
Other experts, including a Chungbuk professor who cultivated it since 2009 alongside pungent wind flowers, echo its value. The National Arboretum director highlighted its role in evoking seasonal joy, while cautioning against unsubstantiated claims.
Blooming Across Regions
Now a symbol in rural communities, the Byeonsan wind flower appears in Gyeonggi’s Gunpo Surisan and other highlands this March. Standing 10 cm tall, it sways gracefully in breezes despite bulbous roots. Spherical fruits measure 1.5 cm, aiding seed dispersal.
Predicted as Eurasia’s 11th species, it outshines kin with repeated vibrant displays. As one of Korea’s most precious alpine wildflowers, it underscores biodiversity in protected parks, blooming reliably amid changing climates.
